Demandas clínicas e intervenções de enfermagem em consultas gerontológicas: Revisão integrativa / Demandas Clínicas e intervenciones de Enfermería en consultas gerontológicas: Una revisión integrativa / Clinical demands and nursing interventions in gerontological consultations: An integrative review

Resumen Introdução: A criação de guias que unificam as demandas clínicas prevalentes em consultas de enfermagem gerontológica e, das suas respectivas intervenções, se faz presente, devido a heterogeneidade das patologias emergentes no processo de envelhecimento, que irão precisar de cuidados. Objetivo: Identificar as demandas clínicas em consultas de enfermagem gerontológica e, as intervenções implementadas pelos(as) enfermeiros(as). Método: Revisão integrativa de pesquisas originais, publicadas entre 2018 e 2022, em inglês, espanhol e português, disponíveis nas bases de dados Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, BIREME/LILACS/BDENF/IBECS/BVS, SciELO e Google Scholar, pelos descritores DeCS/MESH: "Idoso"; "Enfermagem no Consultório"; "Enfermagem Geriátrica" e "Geriatria". O Rating System for the Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention foi usado para determinar o nível de evidência da amostra final. Foram excluídos editoriais, estudos de revisão e artigos duplicados. A análise dos dados se deu pela leitura analítica e interpretativa, guiadas por um checklist. Resultados: Oito artigos foram selecionados e trouxeram demandas clínica tais como: o déficit no autocuidado para banho; autonegligência; fadiga; risco de integridade da pele prejudicada; desesperança; tristeza e depressão. As intervenções se relacionaram ao incentivo ao autocuidado; otimização dos medicamentos; estímulo a atividade física; cuidados com a pele; aconselhamento; musicoterapia e reabilitação psicossocial. Conclusão: Demandas clínicas atendidas nas consultas de enfermagem gerontológica possuem grande variação, com prevalência no domínio atividade/repouso, tais como intervenções voltadas para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças e ações visando a promoção da saúde, tendo o domínio comportamental mais expressivo.

Resumen Introducción: La creación de guías que unifiquen las demandas clínicas prevalentes en las consultas de enfermería gerontológica y sus respectivas intervenciones es necesaria, debido a la heterogeneidad de patologías emergentes en el proceso de envejecimiento que requerirán cuidados. Objetivo: Identificar las demandas clínicas en las consultas de enfermería gerontológica y las intervenciones implementadas por el personal de enfermería. Método: Revisión integrativa de investigaciones originales, publicadas entre 2018 y 2022, en inglés, español y portugués, en las bases de datos Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, BIREME/LILACS/BDENF/IBECS/BVS, SciELO y Google Scholar. Se utilizaron los descriptores DeCS/MESH: "Idoso"; "Enfermagem no Consultório"; "Enfermagem Geriátrica" e "Geriatria". Para determinar el nivel de evidencia de la muestra final, se usó el Rating System for the Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention. Además, se excluyeron los editoriales, los estudios de revisión y los artículos duplicados. Los datos se analizaron mediante lectura analítica e interpretativa, guiada por una lista de verificación. Resultados: Se seleccionaron ocho artículos que aportaron demandas clínicas como déficit en el autocuidado para el baño, autodescuido, fatiga, riesgo integridad de la piel perjudicada; desesperanza, tristeza y depresión. Las intervenciones estaban orientadas al fomento del autocuidado, la optimización de la medicación, el fomento de la actividad física, el cuidado de la piel, el asesoramiento, la musicoterapia y la rehabilitación psicosocial. Conclusión: Las demandas clínicas atendidas en las consultas de enfermería gerontológica son muy variadas, con predominio en el dominio actividad/reposo, como intervenciones dirigidas al tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades y acciones dirigidas a la promoción de la salud, siendo más expresivo el dominio conductual.

Abstract Introduction: The creation of guidelines that unify the prevalent clinical demands from gerontological nursing consultations and their corresponding interventions are necessary due to the heterogeneity of emerging pathologies in the aging process that will require nursing care. Objective: To identify clinical demands in gerontological nursing consultations and the interventions implemented by nurses. Method: An integrative review of original research published from 2018 and 2022, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, in Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, BIREME/lilacs/BDENF/IBECS/VHL, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, using the DeCS/MESH descriptors: "Elderly", "Nursing in the Office", "Geriatric Nursing", and "Geriatrics". The Rating System for the Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention was used to determine the level of evidence of the final sample. Editorials, review studies, and duplicate articles were excluded. The data were analyzed by analytical and interpretative reading, guided by a checklist. Results: Eight articles were selected that showed clinical demands such as deficits in self-care for bathing, self-negligence, fatigue, risk of damaged skin integrity, hopelessness, sadness, and depression. Interventions were related to encouraging self-care, medication optimization, encouragement of exercise, skin care, counseling, music therapy, and psychosocial rehabilitation. Conclusion: There are many different clinical demands in gerontological nursing consultations, especially associated with the domain of activity/rest. These include interventions to treat and prevent diseases, and actions aimed at health promotion, in most cases associated with the behavioral domain.

Telematic interview in telepharmacy: consensus document for farmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed drug delivery.

Telepharmacy is defined as the practice of remote pharmaceutical care, using information and communication technologies. Given its growing importance in outpatient pharmaceutical care, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy developed a consensus document, "Guía de entrevista telemática en atención farmacéutica," as part of its strategy for the development and expansion of telepharmacy, with key recommendations for effective pharmacotherapeutic monitoring and informed dispensing and delivery of medications through telematic interviews. The document was developed by a working group of hospital pharmacists with experience in the field. It highlights the benefits of telematic interviewing for patients, hospital pharmacy professionals, and the healthcare system as a whole, reviews the various tools for conducting telematic interviews, and provides recommendations for each phase of the interview. These recommendations cover aspects such as tool/platform selection, patient selection, obtaining authorization and consent, assessing technological skills, defining objectives and structure, scheduling appointments, reviewing medical records, and ensuring humane treatment. Telematic interview is a valuable complement to face-to-face consultations but its novelty requires a strategic and formal framework that this consensus document aims to cover. The use of appropriate communication tools and compliance with recommended procedures ensure patient safety and satisfaction. By implementing telematic interviews, healthcare institutions can improve patient care, optimize the use of resources and promote continuity of care.

[Usefulness of e-consultation in cardiology]. / Utilidad de la teleconsulta en cardiología.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The development of IT tools and interlevel relationships in the management of the most prevalent processes has led to a semi-presential assessment approach. In cardiology, this form of assessment is possible through a close collaboration with primary care. The aim of this study is to analyze the results of our e-consultation program and to establish the effectiveness of this new form of assistance. METHODS: Single-center study that included e-consultations referred from 15 September 2021 to 30 September 2022. Subsequently, we analyzed the events in which patients were discharged directly during the e-consultation with no need for an on-site visit. RESULTS: We included 3,155 e-consultations. The mean age of the patients was 57±17.6 years. Of the consultations, 75% were answered within 48h (62% within 24h). A total of 1,988 patients completed one year of follow-up in e-consultation. Out of these, 1,278 patients (64.2%) were discharged from the e-consultation with no need for an on-site visit: 685 patients (53.5%) during the first consultation, and 593 (46.5%) upon request of a complementary test. After one year of follow-up, 13 patients (0.006%) were admitted due to cardiological pathology, and 16 patients (0.008%) died, only one due to cardiovascular causes. The mean age of the deceased was 80.5 years. CONCLUSIONS: E-consultation as a single referral system from primary care to cardiology improves patient accessibility, speeds up patient assessment and is effective for patients discharged without the need for an on-site consultation.

Assessing patient satisfaction with telephone-based consultations before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain / Evaluación de la satisfacción de los pacientes con las consultas telefónicas antes, durante y después de la pandemia de COVID-19 en España

Objective: To validate a questionnaire to analyze the perception of users of primary care (PC) with telephone consultation (TC), and to study the satisfaction with TC by users of PC services. Design: A two-phase study was conducted. Firstly, a questionnaire on satisfaction with telemedicine services was validated. Secondly, a cross-sectional study on satisfaction with TC was conducted. Setting: PC. Participants: 405 users of PC services in Zaragoza (Spain). Main outcome measure: Our main outcome was the satisfaction with telemedicine services PC services. Factor analysis was carried out using the exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation. The reliability of the dimensions obtained was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. The inferential analysis was conducted using parametric tests. Results: The questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool (α>0.9) to assess the satisfaction of PC service users with telemedicine services. Before COVID-19, the satisfaction of the users with PC was adequate (mean=6111/10). However, during the COVID-19 the attention in PC centers became mostly telephone-based and satisfaction lowered as disappointing (mean=3555/10). Regarding the future of telemedicine, users considered it as unsatisfactory (mean=2977/10). Being a woman, being unemployed and belonging to an area of low vulnerability led to a worse perception of telemedicine. Conclusion: This questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool to assess the satisfaction of PC service users with telemedicine services. Perceptions of patient satisfaction decreased during COVID-19. Thus, TC seems to be a good option when the patients consider it to be a complementary rather than a substitute tool to follow-up their conditions.(AU)

Objetivo: Validar un cuestionario para analizar la percepción de los usuarios de atención primaria (AP) con la consulta telefónica (CT) y estudiar la satisfacción de la CT por parte de estos. Diseño: Estudio en dos fases. Se validó un cuestionario sobre satisfacción con los servicios de telemedicina. Después, se realizó un estudio transversal sobre la satisfacción con la CT. Emplazamiento: AP. Participantes: Un total de 405 usuarios de servicios de AP en Zaragoza (España). Medición principal: Satisfacción con los servicios de telemedicina de AP. El análisis factorial se realizó a través del exploratorio con rotación Varimax. La fiabilidad de las dimensiones se analizó con el alfa de Cronbach. El inferencial se efectuó mediante pruebas paramétricas. Resultados: El cuestionario resultó válido y fiable (α>0,9) para evaluar la satisfacción de los usuarios con la telemedicina. Antes de la COVID-19, esta era adecuada (media=6,111/10) con la AP. Durante la pandemia la atención en AP pasó a ser mayoritariamente telefónica y la satisfacción disminuyó (media=3,555/10). Con respecto al futuro de la telemedicina, los usuarios lo consideraron insatisfactorio (media=2,977/10). Ser mujer, estar en paro y pertenecer a una zona de baja vulnerabilidad conllevó una peor percepción de la telemedicina. Conclusiones: Nuestro cuestionario fue un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar la satisfacción de los usuarios de servicios de AP con la telemedicina, la cual disminuyó durante la COVID-19. La CT es una buena opción cuando los pacientes la consideran una herramienta complementaria y no sustitutiva para el seguimiento de sus dolencias.(AU)

COPD patient profiles in primary care. Referral criteria.

COPD is a disease with a high prevalence that diminishes the quality of life of many patients. Despite this, there are still high rates of under-diagnosis in Spain, partly due to a lack of recognition of the pathology by patients. In this context, the role played by primary care teams becomes fundamental, as they are one of the first lines of entry into the health system. In this paper we explain the different COPD profiles that may be present, and update the tools for diagnosis and treatment, which, together with an attitude of active suspicion of the disease, can help in the correct management of patients, whether they are undiagnosed or have subsequent complications.

Consulta de preanestesia no presencial en niños: experiencias y recomendaciones / Telemedicine pre-anesthesia evaluation in children: Experiences and recommendations

Desde hace años se realizan consultas y seguimiento de pacientes de forma no presencial. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 diferentes sociedades han recomendado potenciar las consultas telemáticas. La consulta preanestésica no presencial es un acto médico que debe incluir los objetivos básicos de evaluación, preparación, información y obtención del consentimiento. Se debe disponer de medios y tiempo para realizarla. Al comienzo de la consulta debe identificarse el médico y el o los progenitores. La consulta preoperatoria no presencial es especialmente útil en niños ASA I y II que van a someterse a cirugías de bajo riesgo, a una reintervención o a procedimientos diagnósticos. Aquellos pacientes que requieran una exploración física, más allá de la posible de manera telemática, deberán citarse en la consulta presencial. El personal de enfermería puede participar de forma activa en este proceso siempre y cuando el anestesiólogo supervise todo el proceso, tome todas las decisiones sobre el procedimiento y sea el responsable de la información que se da a los padres y al niño, aclarando personalmente cualquier duda. El anestesiólogo debe informar del procedimiento, sus riesgos, incluidos los personalizados, y alternativas. Se registrará en la historia clínica que se ha informado, cuándo y a quién. EL anestesiólogo firmará el Consentimiento Informado haciendo figurar la fecha que da la información y los padres deberán firmarlo antes de la intervención.(AU)

Medical consult and follow-up of patients have been carried out remotely for years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, different societies have recommended promoting online consultations. The remote pre-anesthetic consultation is a medical act that must include the basic objectives of evaluation, preparation, information and obtaining consent. You must have the resources and time to do it. At the beginning of the consultation, the doctor and the parent(s) must be identified. Non-face-to-face preoperative consultation is especially useful in ASA I and II children evaluated for low-risk surgeries, reintervention, or diagnostic procedures. Those patients who require a physical examination, beyond that possible electronically, should make an appointment in the face-to-face consultation. The nursing staff can actively participate in this process as long as the anesthesiologist supervises the entire process, makes all decisions about the procedure and is responsible for the information given to the parents and the child, personally clarifying any doubts. The anesthesiologist must inform about the procedure, its risks, including personalized ones, and alternatives. It will be recorded in the medical history the information given, when and to whom. The anesthesiologist will sign the Informed Consent stating the date that the information is given, and the parents must sign it before the intervention.(AU)

Infecção de sítio cirúrgico e o telemonitoramento pelo enfermeiro no pós-operatório: uma revisão de escopo / Surgical site infection and nurse telemonitoring in the postoperative period: a scoping review

OBJETIVO: mapear evidências científicas sobre a prevenção e o manejo precoce de infecção de sítio cirúrgico por telemonitoramento em pacientes cirúrgicos após alta hospitalar. MÉTODO: revisão de escopo desenvolvida conforme proposto pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI). Foi realizada a pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Cochrane Collaboration, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science e Embase. Os estudos foram adicionados ao gerenciador Endnote Basic e Rayyan por três pesquisadores independentes. RESULTADOS: foram identificados 1.386 estudos e incluídos 31, os quais apresentaram relevância em relação a sinais de alerta precoce e tardio da infecção de sítio cirúrgico, complicações, fatores de risco, prevenção e utilização do telemonitoramento. CONCLUSÃO: observou-se que, embora os estudos abordem a infecção de sítio cirúrgico e o telemonitoramento, faz-se necessário a formulação dos instrumentos utilizados nas consultas telefônicas, contemplando com maior especificidade os critérios indispensáveis a serem abordados.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to map scientific evidence regarding the prevention and early management of surgical site infection through telemonitoring in surgical patients after discharge from the hospital. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted following the guidelines proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The search was performed across PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Cochrane Collaboration, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Three independent researchers collect the identified studies using Endnote Basic and Rayyan. RESULTS: A total of 1,386 studies were identified, of which 31 were included in the analysis. These selected studies demonstrated significance regarding early and late warning signs of surgical site infection, complications, risk factors, prevention strategies, and the utilization of telemonitoring. CONCLUSION: While the studies address surgical site infection and telemonitoring, it is imperative to formulate the instruments employed in telephonic consultations, incorporating a more specific consideration of essential criteria to be addressed.

Child-focused infant and early childhood mental health consultation: Shifting adult attributions to reduce the risk for preschool expulsion.

Infant and early childhood mental health consultation (IECMHC) in early care and education (ECE) settings is a promising approach to support young children. Although research on the effects of IECMHC is encouraging, it is limited by the complexities of the systems in which IECMHC is implemented and the variability in IECMHC models. The current study aims to clearly articulate a statewide, child-focused, short-term IECMHC model, assess consultee satisfaction, examine the effects of consultation on children's functioning in the school and home settings, and evaluate changes in teacher perceptions associated with expulsion risk following consultation. In total, 268 children ages 1-5 (69% White, 75% male) and their family and school caregivers participated in consultation in a New England state, and 95 children and caregivers were included in an evaluation subsample. Of this subsample, teachers and ECE administrators, but not families, indicated significant improvement in children's functioning from referral to end of consultation. There was also a significant decrease in children's risk of expulsion, as measured by teachers' perceptions associated with expulsion decisions. This study contributes to the IECMHC literature by providing results specific to a child-focused model of consultation and highlighting the possible role of adult attributions for children in ECE.

La consulta de salud mental infantil y la temprana niñez (IECMHC) en los entornos de cuidados y educación tempranos (ECE) es un acercamiento prometedor para apoyar a los niños pequeños. A pesar de que la investigación sobre los efectos de IECMHC es alentadora, está limitada por las complejidades de los sistemas dentro de los cuales se implementa IECMHC y la variabilidad en los modelos de IECMHC. El presente estudio se propone articular claramente un modelo de IECMHC para todo el estado, con enfoque en el niño y a corto plazo, evaluar la satisfacción que quienes participan de la consulta, examinar los efectos de la consulta sobre el funcionamiento de los niños en la escuela y en el entorno del hogar, así como evaluar los cambios en las percepciones de los maestros asociadas con los riesgos de expulsión después de la consulta. En total, 268 niños de edad 1-5 (69% blancos, 75% varones) y sus familias y quienes les cuidaba en la escuela participaron en la consulta en un estado de Nueva Inglaterra, y se incluyó a 95 niños y sus cuidadores en una evaluación de un subgrupo muestra. De este subgrupo muestra, los maestros y los administradores de ECE, pero no las familias, indicaron significativas mejorías en el funcionamiento de los niños desde la referencia hasta el final de la consulta. Se dio también una significativa disminución en el riesgo de expulsión de los niños, tal como se midió por medio de las percepciones de los maestros asociadas con las decisiones de expulsión. Este estudio contribuye a la literatura informativa sobre IECMHC por medio de ofrecer resultados específicos al modelo de consulta enfocado en el niño y subrayar el posible papel de las atribuciones del adulto para los niños en ECE.

La consultation de santé mentale du nourrisson et de la petite enfance (Infant and early childhood mental health consultation abrégé en anglais IECMHC) dans des contextes éducatifs et de crèches (abrégé ici CEC selon le français) est une approche prometteuse pour le soutien aux jeunes enfants. Bien que les recherches sur les effets de l'IECMHC sont encourageantes, elles sont limitées par les complexités des systèmes dans lesquels l'IECMHC est mise en oeuvre et la variabilité des modèles de l'IECMHC. Cette étude s'est donné pour but de clairement articuler un modèle IECMHC au niveau de l'état, focalisé sur l'enfant et à court terme, d'évaluer la satisfaction de la personne consultée, d'examiner les effets de la consultation sur le fonctionnement des enfants à l'école et à la maison, et d'évaluer les changements dans les perceptions de l'enseignant liée au risque d'expulsion après la consultation. En tout 268 enfants âgés de 1-5 ans (69% blancs, 75% garçons) et leur famille et les personnes prenant soin d'eux à l'école ont participé à une consultation dans un état de nous Nouvelle Angleterre (aux Etats-Unis), et 95 enfants et personnes prenant soin d'eux ont été inclus dans un sous-échantillon d'évaluation. Dans ce sous-échantillon les enseignants et administrateurs CEC, mais pas les familles, ont fait état d'une amélioration important dans le fonctionnement des enfants du moment de la référence à la fin de la consultation. Il n'a pas de baisse importante du risque d'expulsion des enfants, mesurée par les perceptions des enseignants liées aux décisions d'expulsion. Cette étude contribue aux recherches sur l'IECMHC en offrant des résultats spécifiques à un modèle de consultation focalisé sur l'enfant et en mettant en lumière le rôle possible des attributions adultes pour les enfants dans les CEC.

Reflective supervision and reflective practice in infant mental health: A scoping review of a diverse body of literature.

Reflective practice is a core component of Infant Mental Health (IMH) training and work in the form of reflective supervision/consultation (RS/C). RS/C supports and facilitates relationship-based practice, and is considered to help prevent burnout and promote work satisfaction. In response to an identified gap in empirical research on RS/C, this scoping review aimed to give an overview of the broad range of study designs and outcomes by systematically charting empirical studies on RS/C in IMH-based work with children and families. Searches of Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsychArticles, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science were supplemented with a Google Scholar search and citation searching. Following title/abstract screening (n = 233) and full-text review (n = 168), 35 reports met criteria for inclusion. Key findings were organized into four categories: Essential components and processes of RS/C; Experiences and outcomes of RS/C; Emerging issues in RS/C literature; and Measuring, researching, and reporting on RS/C. Results describe the components and experience of engaging in quality RS/C, and show that practitioners generally experience RS/C as supportive and beneficial. The existing literature has some methodological limitations and further empirical research is needed on outcomes of RS/C. Practice implications and potential future research directions are discussed.

La práctica con reflexión es un componente central del entrenamiento y trabajo en el campo de Salud Mental Infantil (IMH), en forma de una supervisión/consulta con reflexión (RS/C). RS/C apoya y facilita la práctica que tiene como base la relación y se considera que ayuda a prevenir el agotamiento y a promover la satisfacción en el trabajo. Como respuesta a un identificado vacío en la investigación empírica sobre RS/C, esta revisión de los antecedentes se propuso presentar una visión general de la amplia gama de diseños y resultados de estudios por medio de un trazado sistemático de estudios empíricos sobre RS/C en el trabajo basado en IMH con niños y familias. La búsqueda en Academic Search Complete (Completa Búsqueda Académica), en CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA, PsychArticles, APA PsycInfo y Web of Science (Red de la Ciencia) se suplementó con una búsqueda en Google Scholar y una búsqueda de citas anotadas. Después de seguir la detección de título/resumen (n = 233) y una revisión del texto completo (n = 168), 35 reportes reunieron los criterios para ser incluidos. Los resultados claves se organizaron en 4 categorías: Componentes y procesos esenciales de RS/C; Experiencias y resultados de RS/C; Asuntos incipientes en la literatura sobre RS/C; y Medir, investigar y reportar sobre RS/C. Los resultados describen los componentes y experiencias de participar en RS/C de calidad, y muestran que los profesionales de la práctica generalmente experimentan RS/C como un proceso de apoyo y beneficioso. La literatura existente tiene algunas limitaciones metodológicas y se necesita una mayor investigación empírica sobre los resultados de RS/C. Se discuten las implicaciones en la práctica y las potenciales directrices para la futura investigación.

Assessing patient satisfaction with telephone-based consultations before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To validate a questionnaire to analyze the perception of users of primary care (PC) with telephone consultation (TC), and to study the satisfaction with TC by users of PC services. DESIGN: A two-phase study was conducted. Firstly, a questionnaire on satisfaction with telemedicine services was validated. Secondly, a cross-sectional study on satisfaction with TC was conducted. SETTING: PC. PARTICIPANTS: 405 users of PC services in Zaragoza (Spain). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Our main outcome was the satisfaction with telemedicine services PC services. Factor analysis was carried out using the exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation. The reliability of the dimensions obtained was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. The inferential analysis was conducted using parametric tests. RESULTS: The questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool (α>0.9) to assess the satisfaction of PC service users with telemedicine services. Before COVID-19, the satisfaction of the users with PC was adequate (mean=6111/10). However, during the COVID-19 the attention in PC centers became mostly telephone-based and satisfaction lowered as disappointing (mean=3555/10). Regarding the future of telemedicine, users considered it as unsatisfactory (mean=2977/10). Being a woman, being unemployed and belonging to an area of low vulnerability led to a worse perception of telemedicine. CONCLUSION: This questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool to assess the satisfaction of PC service users with telemedicine services. Perceptions of patient satisfaction decreased during COVID-19. Thus, TC seems to be a good option when the patients consider it to be a complementary rather than a substitute tool to follow-up their conditions.

Análisis desde una perspectiva ocupacional al uso de la telesalud en terapia ocupacional en tiempos de confinamiento / Análise sob a perspectiva ocupacional do uso da telesaúde na terapia ocupacional em tempos de confinamento / Analysis from an occupational perspective of the telehealth use in occupational therapy in times of confinement

Resumen Introducción Las acciones adoptadas con el propósito de evitar los contagios comunitarios, durante la pandemia por COVID-19, significó una interrupción ocupacional ya que estas medidas impidieron o restringieron la participación en ocupaciones significativas de las personas. Al mismo tiempo, las distintas instituciones sanitarias y los profesionales del área de la salud tuvieron que acudir a la telesalud para dar continuidad a la atención y cuidados. Objetivo Analizar desde una perspectiva ocupacional el uso de la telesalud en Terapia Ocupacional en contextos de confinamiento. Metodología De tipo cualitativa. La información se produce a través de grupos de discusión y entrevistas individuales. Participaron de este estudio 9 estudiantes, 10 docentes, 5 usuarios/as y/o familiares y 5 integrantes de los equipos de atención. Se realizó un análisis del contenido temático a través de la triangulación de actores para integrar las opiniones de todos/as los/as participantes, posteriormente con el fin de profundizar desde una perspectiva ocupacional el uso de la telesalud se incluye la triangulación teórica. Resultados La telesalud como ocupación materializa la posibilidad de contar con apoyo socioemocional y permite la colaboración en busca del bienestar en tiempos de aislamiento social. También es una ocupación que permitió reconocer el hogar como un territorio, en el que se produce la apropiación de recursos materiales y relacionales de una manera colaborativa entre el equipo tratante y los/as usuarios/as. Conclusiones La telesalud es una ocupación colectiva que permite la re-existencia en tiempos de interrupción ocupacional y de nuevas formas de dislocación ocupacional.

Resumo Introdução As ações adotadas com o objetivo de evitar infecções comunitárias, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, significaram uma interrupção ocupacional, uma vez que essas medidas impediram ou restringiram a participação em ocupações significativas de pessoas. Ao mesmo tempo, as diferentes instituições de saúde e profissionais de saúde tiveram que recorrer à telessaúde para dar continuidade aos cuidados. Objetivo Analisar numa perspetiva ocupacional a utilização da telessaúde em Terapia Ocupacional em contextos de confinamento. Metodologia Qualitativa. A informação é produzida através de grupos focais e entrevistas individuais. Participaram deste estudo 9 alunos, 10 professores, 5 usuários e/ou familiares e 5 integrantes das equipes assistenciais. É realizada uma análise do conteúdo temático através da triangulação de atores para integrar as opiniões de todos os participantes, posteriormente para aprofundar o uso da telessaúde do ponto de vista ocupacional, inclui-se a triangulação teórica. Resultados A telessaúde como ocupação materializa a possibilidade de ter suporte socioemocional e permite a colaboração na busca do bem-estar em tempos de isolamento social. É também uma ocupação que permitiu reconhecer a casa como um território, no qual a apropriação de recursos materiais e relacionais ocorre de forma colaborativa entre a equipe de tratamento e os usuários. Conclusões: A telessaúde é uma ocupação coletiva que permite a reexistência em tempos de interrupção ocupacional e novas formas de deslocamento ocupacional.

Abstract Introduction The actions adopted with the purpose of avoiding community infections, during the COVID-19 pandemic, meant an occupational interruption since these measures prevented or restricted the participation in significant occupations of people. At the same time, the different health institutions and health professionals had to resort to telehealth to provide continuity of care. Objective To analyze from an occupational perspective the use of telehealth in Occupational Therapy in confinement contexts. Methodology Qualitative. Information is produced through focus groups and individual interviews. 9 students, 10 teachers, 5 users and/or family members and 5 members of the care teams participate in this study. An analysis of the thematic content is carried out through the triangulation of actors to integrate the opinions of all the participants, later in order to deepen the use of telehealth from an occupational perspective, theoretical triangulation is included. Results Telehealth as an occupation materializes the possibility of having socio-emotional support and allows collaboration in search of well-being in times of social isolation. It is also an occupation that allowed recognizing the home as a territory, in which the appropriation of material and relational resources occurs in a collaborative way between the treatment team and the users. Conclusions Telehealth is a collective occupation that allows re-existence in times of occupational interruption and new forms of occupational dislocation.

Teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic / Teleconsulta em um hospital público de ensino oftalmológico durante a pandemia do COVID-19

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: Medical records of patients who requested ophthalmological teleconsultation between June 2020 and March 2021 were reviewed. The main outcomes included demographic data, eye disease symptoms, hypothesized diagnosis, and management. Moreover, the results of a satisfaction survey administered after the consultation were analyzed. Results: Medical records of a total of 161 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 45.98 ± 17.57 (8-90) years, and most were women (113, 70.20%). Only 57 (35.60%) of the patients had made previous follow-up visits to the hospital. The most frequent reason for consultation was the need for a new eyeglass prescription (73, 45.34%), followed by dry eye symptoms (16, 9.93%) and pterygium (13, 8.07%). Other reasons were the monitoring of previously diagnosed eye diseases, such as glaucoma, retinopathies, strabismus, and keratoconus. Regarding the satisfaction survey, 151 (93.78%) patients answered the online questionnaire. Most reported that they were satisfied with the teleconsultation (94.03%) and would participate in a future teleconsultation (90.06%). Conclusion: Teleconsultation could be widely used to assist patients in public ophthalmology healthcare and teaching hospitals. Even though new eyeglass prescriptions are a frequent reason for ophthalmological appointments, patients tend to be satisfied with teleconsultation, as it also provides guidance.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a teleconsulta em um hospital público de ensino oftalmológico, durante o período da pandemia do COVID-19. Métodos: Foram revisados os registros médicos dos pacientes que solicitaram teleconsulta oftalmológica, no período de Junho de 2020 a Março de 2021. Os resultados incluem dados demográficos, sintomas de queixas oculares e hipóteses diagnósticas. Além disso, foram analisados dados da pesquisa de satisfação aplicada após cada teleconsulta. Resultados: Um total de 161 prontuários foram revisados. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 45.98 ± 17.57 (8 a 90) anos, a maioria mulheres, 113 (70,20%). Apenas 57 (35,60%) eram pacientes acompanhados no hospital previamente. A principal razão pela busca pela teleconsulta foi o erro refracional, 73 (45.43%), seguido de olho seco, 16 (9.93%), pterígio, 13 (8.07%). Outros motivos foram o acompanhamento de doenças prévias como glaucoma, retinopatias, miopia, estrabismo e ceratocone. Quanto a pesquisa de satisfação, 151(93,87%) pacientes responderam a pesquisa on-line. A maioria deles mostrou-se satisfeito com a teleconsulta (94.03%) e fariam uma nova teleconsulta (90.06%). Conclusão: A teleconsulta pode auxiliar a saúde pública em oftalmologia podendo ser utilizada em hospitais universitários. Embora o erro refracional tenha sido o motivo mais frequente nas consultas, os pacientes mostraram-se satisfeitos com essa modalidade de atendimento que serve como um serviço de orientação.

The decision-making skills of Brazilian physical therapists for patients with red flags / Capacidade da tomada de decisão dos fisioterapeutas brasileiros para pacientes com bandeiras vermelhas

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The red flags screening purpose is to ensure that signs and symptoms that raise suspicion of serious diseases are being considered during the assessment, assisting physical therapists in their clinical decision process. Brazilian physical therapists are autonomous and can act as first contact professionals in the management of musculoskeletal disorders, therefore, they need to know how to recognize, screen and refer patients with red flags for better therapeutic management. The objectives of this study were to verify whether Brazilian physical therapists can recognize and manage patients who presented red flags, compare professionals' skills regarding different academic degree levels and clinical experience and identify which factors can influence the results. METHODS: A cross-sectional and quantitative research was conducted, collected from an online questionnaire. The target audience consisted of Brazilian physical therapists who have clinical experience in the management of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Participants filled demographic data and made clinical decisions based on six clinical cases created by the authors, based on the literature, and reviewed by three experts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test of independence and logistic regression. RESULTS: The study analyzed 384 answers from Brazilian physical therapists with clinical experience in musculoskeletal conditions. Brazilian physical therapists, in general, have not shown to be able to properly recognize and manage the clinical cases involving red flags, with 23.2% of the sample performing appropriate management for medical conditions, 53.9% for emergency conditions and 61.8% for medical conditions with associated musculoskeletal dysfunction. More years of clinical experience and post-professional education did not positively influence the outcomes. Higher academic degrees (Doctorate) can influence positively on the management of non-emergency medical conditions. CONCLUSION: Brazilian physical therapists who work with patients with musculoskeletal disorders perform poorly in identifying red flags in hypothetical clinical cases.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo da triagem de bandeiras vermelhas é garantir que sinais e sintomas que levantam suspeitas de doenças graves sejam considerados durante a avaliação, auxiliando os fisioterapeutas no seu processo de decisão clínica. Os fisioterapeutas brasileiros são autônomos e podem atuar como profissionais de primeiro contato no manejo de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, portanto, precisam saber reconhecer, rastrear e encaminhar pacientes com bandeiras vermelhas para melhor manejo terapêutico. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar se os fisioterapeutas brasileiros conseguem reconhecer e tratar pacientes que apresentavam bandeiras vermelhas, comparar as habilidades dos profissionais com diferentes níveis de formação acadêmica e experiência clínica e identificar quais fatores podem influenciar os resultados. METHODS: Uma pesquisa transversal e quantitativa foi realizada, coletada através de um questionário online. O público-alvo consistiu em fisioterapeutas brasileiros com experiência clínica no manejo de pacientes com disfunções musculoesqueléticas. Os participantes preencheram dados demográficos e tomaram decisões clínicas com base em seis casos clínicos criados pelos autores, com base na literatura, e revisados por três especialistas. Os dados foram analisados por estatísticas descritivas, pelo teste qui-quadrado de independência e por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 384 respostas de fisioterapeutas brasileiros com experiência clínica em disfunções musculoesqueléticas. Os fisioterapeutas brasileiros, em geral, não demonstraram ser capazes de reconhecer e manejar adequadamente os casos clínicos envolvendo bandeiras vermelhas, com 23,2% da amostra realizando manejo adequado para condições médicas, 53,9% para condições de emergência e 61,8% para condições médicas com disfunção musculoesquelética associada. Mais anos de experiência clínica e educação pós-profissional não influenciaram positivamente os resultados. Graus acadêmicos mais elevados (Doutorado) podem influenciar positivamente no manejo de condições médicas não emergenciais. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 384 respostas de fisioterapeutas brasileiros com experiência clínica em disfunções musculoesqueléticas. Os fisioterapeutas brasileiros, em geral, não demonstraram ser capazes de reconhecer e manejar adequadamente os casos clínicos envolvendo bandeiras vermelhas, com 23,2% da amostra realizando manejo adequado para condições médicas, 53,9% para condições de emergência e 61,8% para condições médicas com disfunção musculoesquelética associada. Mais anos de experiência clínica e educação pós-profissional não influenciaram positivamente os resultados. Graus acadêmicos mais elevados (Doutorado) podem influenciar positivamente no manejo de condições médicas não emergenciais. CONCLUSÃO: Fisioterapeutas brasileiros que atuam com pacientes com disfunções musculoesqueléticas apresentam um mau desempenho na identificação de bandeiras vermelhas em casos clínicos hipotéticos.

Teleconsulta de enfermagem: desenvolvimento de plataforma para atendimento de casos de Covid-19 / Nursing teleconsultation: development of a platform for Covid-19 case management / Telecosulta en enfermería: desarrollo de una plataforma para el manejo de casos de Covid-19

Objetivo: Desenvolver uma plataforma virtual de Teleconsulta para atendimento a casos suspeitos de Síndromes Gripais e infecção por COVID-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de natureza aplicada, com desenvolvimento de produção tecnológica e inovadora, prospectivo, ecológico, descritivo, de série temporal. A população do estudo foi formada por qualquer pessoa sintomática para Síndromes Gripais por COVID-19, suspeitos ou confirmados, de qualquer local do Brasil. Este estudo foi realizado em duas etapas, a saber: Etapa I: Desenvolvimento da Aplicação para Plataforma de Teleconsulta. Etapa II: atendimento por meio de Teleconsulta de Casos suspeitos de COVID-19 e Sindromes Gripais. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento da aplicação proposta foi a modelagem por prototipação evolucionária. Resultados: Foram realizados 209 atendimentos na Plataforma de Teleconsulta, sendo 151 (70%) do sexo feminino e 65 (30%) do sexo masculino, com prevalência de idade variando de 20 a 29 anos (41%). Quanto ao risco de infecção por COVID-19, 42 (20%) tinham alto risco, 75 (36%) médio risco e 92 (44%) baixo risco. Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram: secreção nasal ou espirros (53%), dores no corpo (49%), dor de cabeça (47%), dor de garganta (46%), tosse seca (35%), Febre (31%), falta de ar (25%) e diarreia (23%). Inicialmente o teleatendimento foi composto por teletriagem com classificação de risco com base na sintomatologia dos pacientes que foram codificados com pontuações conforme a gravidade do sintoma para formas graves de COVID-19. A classificação de risco categorizou os pacientes em risco baixo (1 a 9 pontos), risco médio (10 a 19 pontos) e risco alto (20 a 36 pontos). Em seguida, a teleconsulta foi agendada conforme disponibilidade do paciente por meio do método SBAR para comunicação efetiva e ao término do atendimento um plano de cuidados com Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem ­ SAE era encaminhado ao paciente por meio de WhatsApp ou e-mail. Conclusão: A plataforma de teleconsulta possibilitou a triagem dos pacientes, reduziu as visitas desnecessárias às unidades de emergência, permitiu a avaliação e monitoramento dos casos, bem como o acompanhamento de pacientes ambulatoriais que não necessitam de avaliação presencial.

Objective: To develop a virtual Teleconsultation platform for care of suspected cases of influenza syndromes and infection by COVID-19. Methodology: This is a study of applied nature, with development of technological and innovative production, prospective, ecological, descriptive, time series. The study population was made up of any person symptomatic for COVID-19 influenza syndromes, suspected or confirmed, from any location in Brazil. This study was conducted in two stages, namely: Stage I: Development of the Application for Teleconsultation Platform. Stage II: care through Teleconsultation of suspected cases of COVID-19 and influenza syndromes. The methodology used to develop the proposed application was evolutionary prototyping modeling. Results: There were 209 consultations in the Teleconsultation Platform, 151 (70%) were female and 65 (30%) were male, with prevalence of age ranging from 20 to 29 years (41%). As for the risk of infection by COVID-19, 42 (20%) had high risk, 75 (36%) medium risk and 92 (44%) low risk. The most prevalent symptoms were: nasal discharge or sneezing (53%), body aches (49%), headache (47%), sore throat (46%), dry cough (35%), fever (31%), shortness of breath (25%), and diarrhea (23%). Initially, the telecare was composed of teletry with risk classification based on the symptomatology of the patients who were coded with scores according to symptom severity for severe forms of COVID-19. The risk classification categorized patients into low risk (1 to 9 points), medium risk (10 to 19 points), and high risk (20 to 36 points). Then, the teleconsultation was scheduled according to the patient's availability through the SBAR method for effective communication and at the end of the service a care plan with Nursing Assistance Systematization - SAE was forwarded to the patient through WhatsApp or e-mail. Conclusion: Teleconsultation platform enabled patient triage, reduced unnecessary visits to emergency units, allowed the evaluation and monitoring of cases, as well as the follow- up of outpatients who do not need face-to-face evaluation.

Objetivo: Desarrollar una plataforma de Teleconsulta virtual para atender casos sospechosos de síndromes gripales e infección por COVID-19. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio aplicado, con desarrollo de producción tecnológica e innovadora, prospectivo, ecológico, descriptivo, con serie de tiempo. La población de estudio estuvo formada por cualquier persona sintomática de síndromes gripales por COVID-19, sospechada o confirmada, de cualquier localidad de Brasil. Este estudio se realizó en dos etapas, a saber: Etapa I: Desarrollo de Aplicaciones para la Plataforma de Teleconsulta. Etapa II: atención mediante teleconsulta de casos sospechosos de COVID-19 y síndromes gripales. La metodología utilizada para el desarrollo de la aplicación propuesta fue el modelado por prototipo evolutivo. Resultados: Se realizaron 209 consultas en la Plataforma de Teleconsulta, 151 (70%) del sexo femenino y 65 (30%) del masculino, con prevalencia de edades entre 20 a 29 años (41%). En cuanto al riesgo de infección por COVID-19, 42 (20%) fueron de alto riesgo, 75 (36%) de riesgo medio y 92 (44%) de bajo riesgo. Los síntomas más prevalentes fueron: secreción nasal o estornudos (53%), dolor de cuerpo (49%), dolor de cabeza (47%), dolor de garganta (46%), tos seca (35%), fiebre (31%), falta de aliento (25%) y diarrea (23%). Inicialmente, la teleasistencia consistía en teleselección con clasificación de riesgo en función de la sintomatología de los pacientes a los que se codificaba con puntuaciones según la gravedad del síntoma para formas graves de COVID-19. La clasificación de riesgo clasificó a los pacientes en riesgo bajo (1 a 9 puntos), riesgo medio (10 a 19 puntos) y riesgo alto (20 a 36 puntos). Luego, se programó la teleconsulta de acuerdo a la disponibilidad del paciente a través del método SBAR para una comunicación efectiva y al final de la atención se remitió al paciente un plan de cuidados con Sistematización de Atención de Enfermería - SAE vía WhatsApp o correo electrónico. Conclusión: La plataforma de teleconsulta posibilitó el triaje de pacientes, redujo las visitas innecesarias a las unidades de emergencia, permitió la evaluación y seguimiento de casos, así como el seguimiento de pacientes ambulatorios que no requieren evaluación presencial.

External urology consultation quality at a third-level public hospital in Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: Patient satisfaction is the degree of conformity with the healthcare they receive. It is real evidence and one of the most important factors in determining the effectiveness and quality of healthcare systems. OBJECTIVE: To identify the quality of care in the Urology outpatient department of a third-level hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The NHS (National Health Service) 2018 quality of care questionnaire with 11 sections, 133 items, and duration of approximately 25min was randomly administered to 250 patients attending Urology outpatients at a third-level public hospital in Mexico. RESULTS: According to responses, 92% (n=230) knew the reason for the consultation. 64.8% (n=162) had a consultation with the same physician by whom they were initially seen. The longest reported hospital wait time before being seen was more than 2h in 29.6% (n=74). As for consultation time, 212 patients responded and the duration was 11-20min in 52.8% (n=112). Finally, 33.2% (n=83) considered the quality of service to be good. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the NHS 2018 survey in the Urology service at a third-level public hospital in Mexico is feasible, since we managed to obtain a significant and continuous improvement in all its indicators which is satisfactory for all.

Análisis de interconsultas derivadas desde atención primaria y rechazadas por salud mental en el Departamento de Salud Arnau de Vilanova-Llíria (Valencia) / Analysis of Interconsultations Derived from Primary Care and Rejected by Mental Health in the Arnau de Vilanova-Llíria (Valencia) Health Department

En los últimos años se ha constatado un aumento de la demanda asistencial en los servicios de salud mental y, por tanto, un aumento de interconsultas que se reci-ben desde atención primaria, siendo necesario filtrar dichas derivaciones para poder llevar a cabo una atención adecuada. El principal objetivo de este estudio es la evaluación del modelo de derivación del Servicio de Salud Mental del Departamento del Arnau de Vila-nova-Llíria mediante un análisis descriptivo y el seguimiento a lo largo de 6 meses de las interconsultas derivadas desde atención primaria y rechazadas por salud mental en el año 2019. Durante esos meses se recibieron 2029 interconsultas, de las cuales 623 fueron rechazadas, correspondiéndose estas a 504 pacientes. De estas personas, 164 fueron finalmente citadas en salud mental tras realizar una nueva interconsulta. Este análisis pone de manifiesto la necesidad de implementar un modelo colaborativo entre atención primaria y salud mental que se traduzca en una mayor detección de casos, una mejor derivación y, en definitiva, una mejor atención a los y las pacientes. (AU)

In recent years, there has been an increase in the demand for care in Mental Health services and, therefore, an increase in interconsultations received from Primary Care, making it necessary to filter said referrals in order to carry out adequate care. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the referral model of the Mental Health Ser-vice of the Department of Arnau de Vilanova-Llíria through the descriptive analysis and follow-up over 6 months of interconsultations derived from Primary Care and rejected by Mental Health in 2019. During those months, 2029 interconsultations were received, of which 623 were rejected, corresponding to 504 patients. Of these patients, 164 were fi-nally attended to in Mental Health after carrying out a new interconsultation. This analysis shows the need to implement a collaborative model between Primary Care and Mental Health that turns into greater cases detection, better referral sand, ultimately, a better patient care. (AU)

¿Cuánta carga asistencial suponen las dermatosis pediátricas en la actividad ambulatoria en la dermatología española? Resultados del muestreo aleatorio nacional DIADERM / What Proportion of the Spanish Dermatology Caseload Corresponds to Pediatric Dermatoses? Results From the DIADERM National Random Sampling Survey

Introducción Los motivos de consulta de índole dermatológico son muy frecuentes en las consultas de pediatría de atención primaria, e igualmente muchos de los pacientes atendidos en consultas de dermatología son niños y adolescentes. A pesar de ello, faltan estudios sobre la prevalencia real de estas consultas y sus características. Material y método Estudio observacional de corte transversal de 2 períodos de tiempo describiendo los diagnósticos realizados en consultas externas dermatológicas, obtenidos a través de la encuesta anónima DIADERM, realizada a una muestra aleatoria y representativa de dermatólogos. A partir de la codificación de diagnósticos CIE-10, se seleccionaron todos los diagnósticos codificados en los menores de 18 años (84 diagnósticos codificados en los 2 períodos), que se agruparon en 14 categorías diagnósticas relacionadas para facilitar su análisis y comparación. Resultados Un total de 20.097 diagnósticos fueron efectuados en pacientes menores de 18 años, lo que supone un 12% del total de los codificados en DIADERM. Las infecciones víricas, el acné y la dermatitis atópica fueron los diagnósticos más comunes (43,9% de todos los diagnósticos). No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la proporción de diagnósticos atendidos en las consultas monográficas frente a las generales, así como en los registrados en el ámbito público frente al privado. Tampoco las hubo en los diagnósticos en función de la época de la encuesta (enero y mayo). Conclusiones La atención a pacientes pediátricos por parte de dermatólogos en España supone una proporción significativa de la actividad habitual. Estos datos nos permiten descubrir áreas de mejora en la comunicación y la formación de los pediatras de atención primaria, como la necesidad del refuerzo de actividades formativas dirigidas al mejor tratamiento de acné y lesiones pigmentadas (y manejo básico de la dermatoscopia) en este ámbito asistencial (AU)

Background Visits for skin conditions are very common in pediatric primary care, and many of the patients seen in outpatient dermatology clinics are children or adolescents. Little, however, has been published about the true prevalence of these visits or about their characteristics. Material and methods Observational cross-sectional study of diagnoses made in outpatient dermatology clinics during 2 data-collection periods in the anonymous DIADERM National Random Survey of dermatologists across Spain. All entries with an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code related to dermatology in the 2 periods (84 diagnoses) were collected for patients younger than 18 years and classified into 14 categories to facilitate analysis and comparison. Results In total, the search found 20 097 diagnoses made in patients younger than 18 years (12% of all coded diagnoses in the DIADERM database). Viral infections, acne, and atopic dermatitis were the most common, accounting for 43.9% of all diagnoses. No significant differences were observed in the proportions of diagnoses in the respective caseloads of specialist vs. general dermatology clinics or public vs. private clinics. Seasonal differences in diagnoses (January vs. May) were also nonsignificant. Conclusions Pediatric care accounts for a significant proportion of the dermatologist's caseload in Spain. Our findings are useful for identifying opportunities for improving communication and training in pediatric primary care and for designing training focused on the optimal treatment of acne and pigmented lesions (with instruction on basic dermoscopy use) in these settings (AU)

[Translated article] What Proportion of the Spanish Dermatology Caseload Corresponds to Pediatric Dermatoses? Results From the DIADERM National Random Sampling Survey / ¿Cuánta carga asistencial suponen las dermatosis pediátricas en la actividad ambulatoria en la dermatología española? Resultados del muestreo aleatorio nacional DIADERM

Background Visits for skin conditions are very common in pediatric primary care, and many of the patients seen in outpatient dermatology clinics are children or adolescents. Little, however, has been published about the true prevalence of these visits or about their characteristics. Material and methods Observational cross-sectional study of diagnoses made in outpatient dermatology clinics during 2 data-collection periods in the anonymous DIADERM National Random Survey of dermatologists across Spain. All entries with an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code related to dermatology in the 2 periods (84 diagnoses) were collected for patients younger than 18 years and classified into 14 categories to facilitate analysis and comparison. Results In total, the search found 20 097 diagnoses made in patients younger than 18 years (12% of all coded diagnoses in the DIADERM database). Viral infections, acne, and atopic dermatitis were the most common, accounting for 43.9% of all diagnoses. No significant differences were observed in the proportions of diagnoses in the respective caseloads of specialist vs. general dermatology clinics or public vs. private clinics. Seasonal differences in diagnoses (January vs. May) were also nonsignificant. Conclusions Pediatric care accounts for a significant proportion of the dermatologist's caseload in Spain. Our findings are useful for identifying opportunities for improving communication and training in pediatric primary care and for designing training focused on the optimal treatment of acne and pigmented lesions (with instruction on basic dermoscopy use) in these settings (AU)

Introducción Los motivos de consulta de índole dermatológico son muy frecuentes en las consultas de pediatría de atención primaria, e igualmente muchos de los pacientes atendidos en consultas de dermatología son niños y adolescentes. A pesar de ello, faltan estudios sobre la prevalencia real de estas consultas y sus características. Material y método Estudio observacional de corte transversal de 2 períodos de tiempo describiendo los diagnósticos realizados en consultas externas dermatológicas, obtenidos a través de la encuesta anónima DIADERM, realizada a una muestra aleatoria y representativa de dermatólogos. A partir de la codificación de diagnósticos CIE-10, se seleccionaron todos los diagnósticos codificados en los menores de 18 años (84 diagnósticos codificados en los 2 períodos), que se agruparon en 14 categorías diagnósticas relacionadas para facilitar su análisis y comparación. Resultados Un total de 20.097 diagnósticos fueron efectuados en pacientes menores de 18 años, lo que supone un 12% del total de los codificados en DIADERM. Las infecciones víricas, el acné y la dermatitis atópica fueron los diagnósticos más comunes (43,9% de todos los diagnósticos). No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la proporción de diagnósticos atendidos en las consultas monográficas frente a las generales, así como en los registrados en el ámbito público frente al privado. Tampoco las hubo en los diagnósticos en función de la época de la encuesta (enero y mayo). Conclusiones La atención a pacientes pediátricos por parte de dermatólogos en España supone una proporción significativa de la actividad habitual. Estos datos nos permiten descubrir áreas de mejora en la comunicación y la formación de los pediatras de atención primaria, como la necesidad del refuerzo de actividades formativas dirigidas al mejor tratamiento de acné y lesiones pigmentadas (y manejo básico de la dermatoscopia) en este ámbito asistencial (AU)

La asistencia telefónica de las enfermedades neurológicas: una revisión sistemática / Telephone assistance for neurological diseases: a systematic review

Introducción y objetivo: Es conocido que parte de la asistencia a los pacientes neurológicos se presta por teléfono, pero desconocemos las enfermedades que se atienden de esta manera y qué partes de la asistencia se proporcionan así. Pretendemos averiguarlo a través de esta revisión bibliográfica. Materiales y métodos: Se han revisado sistemáticamente las referencias sobre asistencia telefónica a enfermedades neurológicas accesibles a través de las plataformas PubMed, Embase y Cochrane, sin fecha de inicio y hasta el 3 de abril de 2022. Se encontraron 618 referencias, de las que 219 no pasaron los criterios de exclusión, por lo que se revisaron 399. Resultados: Hay un aumento de publicaciones en los últimos años y, aunque la demencia no es la enfermedad más prevalente, es el área de la neurología con más publicaciones sobre asistencia telefónica. Le siguen los ictus, el traumatismo craneoencefálico, la esclerosis múltiple, la enfermedad de Parkinson y trastornos del movimiento, la epilepsia, las enfermedades neuromusculares y otras. Discusión y conclusiones. Las demencias son las enfermedades con más referencias bibliográficas sobre su asistencia telefónica a pesar de no ser las más prevalentes. Con frecuencia, el teléfono se utiliza para administrar escalas diagnósticas o apoyar a los cuidadores, y es especialmente útil en enfermedades que dificultan la movilidad y acudir presencialmente.(AU)

Introduction and aim: While part of the care for neurological patients is done by telephone, it is not well known what neurological diseases and which part of that care is provided by telephone. Our goal is to find it out through a bibliographic review. Materials and methods: References on telephone care for neurological diseases accessible through the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane platforms have been systematically reviewed, with an unspecified start date and up to March 2022. We found 618 references, and as 219 did not pass the exclusion criteria, 399 were finally included in the review. Results: Dementia is the area of neurology with more publications about its telephone assistance. It is followed by stroke, head trauma, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders, epilepsy, neuromuscular disorders, and others. Discussion and conclusions: Dementias are the diseases with more bibliographic references on their telephone assistance despite not being the most prevalent. The telephone is frequently used to administer diagnostic scales or support caregivers and is particularly useful in diseases that limit mobility and attending a medical practice.(AU)

Características clínicas en pacientes atendidos en una unidad de psiquiatría de emergencia en un hospital general de Perú

Introducción. En los últimos 10 a 20 años, la psiquiatría de emergencia ha experimentado un progreso constante en cuanto a la prestación de servicios altamente especializados y enfocados en el paciente. Este aumento global refleja desafíos en accesibilidad y calidad de atención. En el contexto peruano, la legislación de salud mental y múltiples directrices clínicas orientan la prestación de servicios, no obstante, la insuficiencia de datos representa una barrera significativa para la toma de decisiones informadas. Objetivo. Examinar y reportar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes evaluados en la Unidad de Psiquiatría de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI), de Lima, Perú, y analizar la naturaleza de los cuadros sintomatológicos y sindrómicos. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se estudiaron las interconsultas recibidas por la Unidad de Psiquiatría de Emergencia del HNGAI, entre julio y diciembre del 2022. Se aplicó un análisis factorial de los síntomas. Resultados. En 1037 pacientes vistos en interconsulta, la edad promedio fue 41,15 ± 23,52 años. El 65,2 % fueron mujeres. La tasa de derivación fue de 1,18 %. Los trastornos más frecuentes fueron los del humor (27,8 %); los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el afecto ansioso (47,3 %), insomnio (38,8 %) y ánimo depresivo (32,6 %). Con respecto al tratamiento, el más usado fueron los antipsicóticos (50,4 %). El análisis factorial exploratorio de los síntomas mostró siete factores o componentes sindrómicos importantes: psicótico, delirium, depresivo-suicida, obsesivo-compulsivo, negativo, apático, ansioso. Conclusión. El paciente típico de esta muestra fue mujer al inicio de su cuarta década de vida. Los trastornos del humor y los síntomas ansiosos fueron los más comunes. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró la presencia de siete síndromes. Es necesario incrementar la recopilación sistemática de datos e inversión en investigación en psiquiatría de emergencia, todo con la finalidad de mejorar la atención que se brinda a estos pacientes.

Introduction. In the last 10 to 20 years, emergency psychiatry has undergone consistent progress in providing highly specialized and patient-focused services. This global advancement reflects challenges in accessibility and quality of care. In the Peruvian context, mental health legislation and various clinical guidelines guide service provision; however, the lack of data constitutes a significant barrier to informed decision-making. Objective. The objective of this study was to examine and report the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients evaluated at the Emergency Psychiatry Unit of the National Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen Hospital (HNGAI) in Lima, Peru, and analyze the nature of the symptomatic and syndromic profiles present. Methods. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Interconsultations received by the Emergency Psychiatry Unit of HNGAI between July and December 2022 were analyzed. A factorial analysis of symptoms was conducted. Results. Out of a total of 1037 patients seen in interconsultation, the mean age was 41.15 ± 23.52 years. 65.2% of the patients were female. The referral rate was 1.18%. Mood disorders (27.8%) were the most frequent diagnoses, with anxious affect (47.3%), insomnia (38.8%), and depressive mood (32.6%) being the most common symptoms. Antipsychotics (50.4%) were the most used treatment modality. Exploratory factor analysis of symptoms revealed the presence of seven important syndromic factors: psychotic, delirium, depressive-suicidal, obsessive-compulsive, negative, apathetic, and anxious. Conclusion. The typical patient in this sample was a female in the early forties. Mood disorders and anxious symptoms were the most prevalent. Exploratory factor analysis identified the presence of seven syndromes. There is a need to increase systematic data collection and investment in emergency psychiatry research to enhance the care provided to these patients.